Individual species such as Great Whales are a significant contributor to eco-system stability and provide important ecological services. Whales produce at least three services that can be valued: ecotourism, carbon capture and fisheries enhancement. Their contribution to the ecosystem per year is equal to the GDP of the countries between Greece and Bulgaria and it evolves according to the market prices of carbon emissions. Their population has been greatly reduced through hunting and ship strikes​

Seagrass is a plant found in shallow salt water, actively shaping undersea landscapes, and providing shelter for water animals, thereby benefiting the maritime ecology. It absorbs an estimated 83 million metric ton of carbon globally per year. Heath of seagrass suffers from overfishing and maritime transport (boat anchors). Limited attempts to restore seagrass through “underwater gardening” have been tried in the UK but remain too small to this day.

Tropical forests in the Amazon used to be a significant contributor to CO2 absorption. Its size has been plagued by a conflict of use between socio–economic development and protection of the ecosystem. According to Brazil’s National Institute of Space Research (INPE), 11,088 km² of rainforest have been lost between August 2019 and July 2020, an increase of 9.5% compared to the same period last year, endangering the livelihood of indigenous people, jeopardizing biodiversity, and greatly reducing its capacity to absorb CO². In 2021, the Amazonian rainforest went from a carbon sink to a net carbon emitter, in particular via forest fires.

Mangroves are a type of tropical forest known for its great resistance and ability to thrive in hot, muddy and salty
environments. Mangroves capture between 50 to 220 metric tons of CO2 per acre and provide economic benefits of up to 57,000$ per hectare per year to the national economies of developing countries with mangroves. Human activity has been most damaging on mangroves, contributing to a loss of about a quarter of mangroves in the past 40 years. Several investigations into mangrove restoration projects have brought to light key problems linked to a lack of scientific research behind the restoration process